Evolution of Imperial Rule in Japan and China

Introduction China and Japan have established themselves as the most significant players in East Asian affairs. The two nations have the most developed economies in the region and both of their political systems are well established. In spite of the differences in government system, Japan and China have had an empire system at some point in their history.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Evolution of Imperial Rule in Japan and China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, this system of governance has faced marked changes in both countries. While the Japan government continues to have a constitutional monarchy who is mostly a symbolic leader with no real political power, the empire system was completely abolished in China. The current success of both nations can be attributed to the political systems adopted by each country. With this in mind, this paper will provide an analytical comparison of the shift from an empire system by both Japan and China. Analytical Comparison Both China and Japan had a well-established emperor system until the 20th century. The emperor system existed for centuries and played a crucial role in the affairs of the country. Emperors were the supreme rulers who acted as the unifying forces for the nations. Qingde (2003) documents that the complete establishment of the imperial system in China appeared in 221 BCE with the establishment of the Qin Dynasty. The imperial system of the Qin Dynasty was able to unify the warring states and build a strong and centralized nation that had the emperor as its core. A dictatorship of highest imperial power and the establishment of a mobile elite political structure characterized this system. Due to centralization, private ownership of land was directly under the control of the state. Through land privatization and the designation of the individual family as a production unity, the Chinese imperial system served as the basis for the economic survival of the entire state. In its formative years, the imperial system in China faced contention from multiple groups including independent regimes by warlords and dominance by scholar officials. This caused the monarchy to use every means possible to maintain their hold on power and control their subjects.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Qingde (2003) reveals that rulers pursued absolute power, which could only be achieved by crushing any opposing power. In addition to this, the power of the common people was weakened in order to enhance the absolute power of the emperor. Japan imperialism was borrowed from the older Chinese system in 660 BC. In the early years, the Japan emperor was a religious leader and the position of emperor was integral to the country’s harmony since the emperor was the symbol of unity and continuity (Ohnuki-Tierney, 1998). Over the centurie s, Japan faced many political upheavals and civil wars that greatly disrupted the growth of the country. Interestingly, the emperor’s position remained undamaged with the warring factions always protected this largely symbolic leader. By the 8th century, the Imperial System was at its peak and the Emperor enjoyed the support of all his subjects. However, the system disintegrated and only came back during the Meiji restoration of 1868. The imperial rulers adopted the doctrine of the Mandate of heaven, which justified their right to rule. In China, this doctrine led to leaders who cultivated virtue in their administration (Picken, 1997). Both imperial systems established capitals, which were meant to act as the centers for a world order led by the monarchy. Towards the end of the 7th century, the Chinese emperor established the city of Luoyang as the core of a world order. The Japanese imperial system also established Nara as a capital as preparation by Japan to participate in the new order. Imperial rule contributed to the economic and political development of China and Japan. Through imperial rule, China was able to advance from its feudal system to becoming a nation with a strong economic and social order with imperialism at its political center. Empire Shifts by China and Japan The most significant shift in China and Japan’s imperial rule came in the early 20th century through the Qing Reform and the Meiji Restoration respectively. Both shifts were made as an attempt by leaders by both countries to make structural adjustments to meet the challenges of western incursions. While the Meiji Restoration was a spectacular success, the Qing Reform was a huge failure that ended in the abolishment of monarchy rule.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Evolution of Imperial Rule in Japan and China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Outcome in China In its final years, the Qing dynasty und er Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor GuangXu took initiative for reforms. Hua (2004) states that these reform efforts that were aimed at changing the traditional social structure and advancing China economically and militarily failed in the face of western incursions. The dynasty was unable to protect the country against foreign incursions and the efficiency of the government was greatly crippled. The capacity of the central government was very limited and it could not even collect enough revenue to meet normal government expenditure. The Chinese Imperial system was abolished following the 1911 revolution that was led by Dr Sun Yat Sen. The Sun led revolutions led to the collapse of the Qing dynasty and the subsequent establishment of the Republic of China therefore bringing to an end the centuries long reign of monarchy in China (Picken, 1997). There was a final attempt to reinstate monarchy rule by Yuan Shikai in 1915. As the President of China, Yuan attempted to consolidate power and reestablish China as an Empire with him serving as the Great Empire. These attempts were met by resistance by both revolutionary elements and military leaders who engaged in violent opposition to the reinstatement of monarchy rule. By 1916, Yuan had to abandon his plans for a Chinese monarchy and the National Assembly with a provisional constitution was restored therefore reestablishing China as a republic governed through the constitution. The Change from empire was followed by civil war and an ineffective government that plunged China into impoverishment. The early years of the Chinese republic were marked by disunity and violence between warlords as each tried to establish a sphere of influence. The state of affairs began to change following the establishment of communist rule in China. A strong centralized government was established in 1949 under the leadership of Mao Zedong (Qingde, 2003). Mao was able to eliminate the old system and replace it by a new order, which was cha racterized by industrialization programs and more equitable distribution of land resources.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mao was able to eliminate the old system and replace it by a new order, which was characterized by industrialization programs and more equitable distribution of land resources among the country’s population. Outcome in China Japan’s imperial system during the Meiji Restoration exhibited a marked shift from the historical emperor system. To begin with, the new imperial system was based on the Western monarchies. The Emperor ceased to be a symbolic figure and he was elevated to the position of sovereign ruler of Japan. Hua (2004) reveals that in the Meiji constitution, the Emperor attained nearly absolute political and military power therefore becoming the head of state in command of the country’s military. Another significant shift during Emperor Meiji’s reign is that the monarchy stopped being dictatorial and a system of representative was incorporated. By doing this, Japan was able to achieve modernization and defend itself effectively against Western incursion. Owing to the development enjoyed under the imperial rule, Japan was able to engage in aggressive military expansionism ventures especially against neighboring China and Korea. Picken (1997) observes that the Japanese Imperial system remains to be a controversial political institution with some praising it as a source of Japanese stability and tranquility while others condemn it as a cause of war and the attempt at world domination by Japan during the 20th century. Japan was forced to make major changes to its imperial system following its defeat in World War II by the Allied forces. The international community held the emperor responsible for the atrocities carried out by Japanese forces during the war. A new constitution was drafted where the emperor’s powers were stripped and a democracy established in the country. The emperor was therefore retained as a symbol of state with little power. Japan is today a strong democracy and it is unlikely that it will revert to an emperor-centered state (Kersten, 2003). Conclusion This paper set out to compare the shifts in government system by Japan and China. To this end, the paper has shown that the emperor system played a major role in the historical development of both countries. The paper has revealed that the imperial system existed for more than 2000 years and it led to the unification of the country. The shift in imperial rule in both countries occurred in the 20th century with the system being abolished in China while Japan continued to prosper under it. Without the dominance of the imperial system, the Chinese socio-political establishment suffered. Japan was forced to change the role of its emperor by the occupying American forces at the end of World War II. References Hua, S. (2004). The Meiji Restoration (1868) and the Late Qing Reform (1898) Revisited: Strategies and Philosophies. An International Quarterly, 21 (3), 3-22. Kersten, R. (2003). Revisionism, reaction and the ‘symbol emper or’ in post-war Japan. Japan Forum, 15(1), 15–31. Ohnuki-Tierney, E. (1998). The emperor of Japan as deity (kami). Ethnology, 30(3), 1-15. Picken, S.D. (1997). The Imperial Systems in Traditional China and Japan: A Comparative Analysis of Contrasting Political Philosophies and Their Contemporary Significance. Asian Philosophy, 7 (2), 109-122. Qingde, C. (2003). The Dual Nature of the Imperial System and the Development of China’s National Economy. Chinese Sociology and Anthropology, 35 (4), 3–32. This essay on Evolution of Imperial Rule in Japan and China was written and submitted by user Ultimo to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

20 Economics Topics for Presentation on Exchange Systems in the USA

20 Economics Topics for Presentation on Exchange Systems in the USA Writing an essay on the US economy can be quite a difficult task due to the technical nature of the subject matter involved. Economics deals with facts, figures and analysis which must be accurate due to the sensitive nature of economics and the potential effects it has on people’s lives. Therefore, before putting pen to paper, it is important to have a well-rounded knowledge of the exchange system and economics in the US so as to choose an economics topic for presentation that truly interests you. So here is a little introduction to exchange systems and the economics that drives them in the US. Exchange systems are the different ways in which trade is carried out between a consumer and a producer and the more trade a country participates in the better it becomes for its economy. Economics on the other hand is the social science that drives exchange systems, production and distribution. Now, it is important to note that this article isn’t about discussing the politics of economics but it is about helping students come up with essay topics on exchange systems and economics in the US. So here are some cool topics to help you get started on drafting that troublesome essay that has been keeping you up all night. The Economics of Local Exchange and Trading Systems in the United States The Effects of Exchange Rate fluctuations on Economic Growth Managed Floating Exchange Rates and its Effect on the United States Economy Impact of the Floating Exchange Rate System on Foreign Debt The Effects of Currency Fluctuations on the Economy Impact of the Floating Exchange Rate System on Employment and Growth The Role of Financial Systems in Economic Development The Impact of Small Businesses on the US Economic Development The Economic Effects of US Trade Monetary Policies and Their Effect on the US Economy Social Security’s Impact on the US Economy The Development of Social Security in America Economic Development and the Role of Currency The Role of the United States in the Global Economy How US Interest Rates Influence the World Economy The Price of Oil and its Effects on the US Economy The Effects of US Imports and Exports on the Global Economy The Economic Impact of Importation to the US Economy The Benefits of a Mixed Economy in the United States The Economy and the Role of the US Government So here we are, at the end of the 20 topics on exchange systems and economics in the United States you can choose from to start your research on the subject matter of US economics. Visit our 10 facts on exchange systems and economics for a presentation as well as our genre-specific writing guide. In order to further help you draft a unique sample essay using on one of the topics above will be developed to provide you with guidelines on how to proceed with drafting your essay. Sample Economics Essay: The Impact of Small Businesses on the United States Economy An Economy like that of the United States is one which is run on meeting both the demand of the domestic and international society it is a part of. And to meet these responsibilities, both big corporations as well as small businesses have their part to play in providing products for these consumers. Although small businesses cater mainly to the needs of local consumers it is also very important to quantify, discuss the effects they have on the United States economy and these tasks will be carried out in the coming paragraphs. So what are small businesses? According to the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), they are corporations, limited liability companies or proprietorships having no more than 500 working personnel. Also, the SBA puts the number of small businesses in operation in the US at approximately 27 million which goes to show the wide spread acceptance of small business in the United States. This acceptance has also led to SMEs contributing to the economy in the following ways. Another interesting statistic on small businesses show that they are responsible for approximately 50% or the nations Gross Domestic Product due to the high rate in which they provide job opportunities for individuals residing in the US. The facts state that approximately 70% or first time workers get their start from working in small establishments which in turn reduces some of the social responsibilities of the government. The huge resources big corporations pour into their innovative departments makes one expect that every innovative technique ever thought of begins and ends with big corporations but statistics paint a different picture. According to the SBA, small companies develop more patents per employee than their larger counterparts. The SBA research pays the number or submitted patents per 100 employees in big corporations at 1.7 while small business generated an impressive 26.5 patents per employee. This is due to the flexibility and freedom to try new techniques out that small business encourage. Although the majority of small businesses are owned by white males, the need to grow working with limited capital makes small businesses more flexible with their hiring policies. Therefore creating multiple opportunities for first time workers, women and people of minorities. These opportunities give employees the perfect stage to learn and perfect their abilities as well as acquire some accomplishments that would serve them in the long run. Big corporations are known for their outsourcing abilities which involve delegating production of certain tools and materials that do not fall under their core business activities to small businesses. The US automobile industry provides a perfect example of how both businesses complement one another.   Statistics show that auto manufacturers rely on small businesses for the production of approximately 1,700 components needed for building their automobiles. These instances alongside the fact that since 1995 small business has been responsible for approximately 64% of the new jobs in the US and has been responsible for 44% of its paycheck makes them the life blood of the United States society. References: Mariah, B. (2012). How Important are Small Businesses to Local Economies? http://smallbusiness.chron.com/important-small-businesses-local-economies-5251.html Karen, C. (2014). An Introduction to Business. 100-120. http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/an-introduction-to-business-v2.0/s09-02-the-importance-of-small-busine.html Survey of Business Owners: Survey Results. (2012). census.gov/library/publications/2012/econ/2012-sbo.html Bill, C. Brent Y. Control Research Services. (2012). The U.S. Motor Vehicle Industry: Confronting a New Dynamic in the Global Economy. fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41154.pdf US Small Business Administration Report. (2012). https://www.sba.gov/content/small-business-economy-2010 James, S. (2010). The Cause of High Unemployment: Still Due to Dwindling Job Creation. heritage.org/research/reports/2010/03/the-cause-of-high-unemployment-still-due-to-dwindling-job-creation Chuck, V. (2016). Jobenomics U.S.  Unemployment Analysis: Q1 2016. 44-45.

A multinational corporation (MNC) is a corporation Essays

A multinational corporation (MNC) is a corporation Essays A multinational corporation (MNC) is a corporation Essay A multinational corporation (MNC) is a corporation Essay Introduction Multinational corporations can be viewed from different positions ( ownership, direction, scheme and structural, etc. ) and have several dimensions. There have been statements in the yesteryear over the importance of each position and theoreticians have shared different positions when it comes to specifying a ‘multinational’ corporation. Franklin Root ( 1994 ) tries to set the statements to rest by giving some lucidity to the definition. Harmonizing to his definition, a transnational corporation ( MNC ) is a parent company that engages in foreign production through its affiliates located in several states, exercisings direct control over the policies of its affiliates and implements concern schemes in production, selling, finance and staffing that transcend national boundaries. ( Howard, 1994 ) In simplistic footings, a MNC is a concern which has production and/or distribution operations in at least two states, via subordinates, keeping companies, joint ventures, licenci ng etc. By and large, because of their munificence, transnational corporations play a powerful function in international dealingss and local economic systems. The survey analyzes one such planetary corporation which plays a major function both in the local economic system and the economic system at the planetary phase. Analysis Indian companies are fast emerging as Global participants with their foreign direct investing and acquisition activities holding gained land in the last twosome of old ages. ( Murray, 2005 ) Tata Group of Companies is one such company which has hit the universe phase large clip with its recent high profile acquisitions and ventures. The Group makes its presence felt today in every continent and over 43 states. The survey examines the growing of Tata Group, its abroad operations, geographic presence and its incursion scheme. Company Profile Tata Group of Companies Tata Group is one of India’s oldest and largest concern pudding stones. The concern spreads across 96 runing companies in seven concern sectors: information systems and communications ; technology ; stuffs ; services ; energy ; consumer merchandises ; and chemicals. It employs some 2,46,000 people and jointly has a stockholder base of over two million and market capitilisation of $ 57.6 billion. ( Web 1 ) It is a genuinely planetary corporation which made concern headlines with its winning command for Corus ( the UK based steel company ) . Some of the Group’s subordinates and its operations are analyzed below. Tata Tea Tata Tea was setup in 1964 as a joint venture with UK-based James Finlay and Company to develop valued-added tea. The group, which includes Tata Tea and the UK-based Tetley Group expands 40 states and is the universe s 2nd largest planetary branded tea operation. ( Web 1 ) The three major location where Tata tea subordinates are based are in India, UK and US. Tata tea entered the UK market with a Joint Venture with Allied Lyons ( proprietors of Tetley ) to make Tata Tea in 1993. ( Web 1 ) Subsequently on, in 2000, Tetley was acquired by Tata tea making one of the largest planetary tea trade names. Tetley, on its ain, sells over 60 branded merchandises and is the taking tea trade name in UK and Canada with important market portions in the United States, Australia, Poland and France. Tetley’s growing scheme focuses on custom-making the portfolio of offerings for each state. While Tetley is headquartered in London, Tata Tetley has an export oriented unit at Kochi in Kerala, India . Tata Tea Inc ( based in Florida, US ) is a subordinate of Tata Tea, established to run into specific demands of wellness witting US consumers. The company has its mill operations in Florida which is used to recycle or intermix instant teas brought from India. Tata tea besides has important presence in plantation activity in Sri Lanka through Watawala Plantations. ( Web 1 ) Tata Tea’s international portfolio of activities is steadily turning its presence in the remainder of Europe, throughout the Caribbean and lesser developed markets such as Bangladesh, Pakistan and Russia where Tetley was launched in 2004. The amalgamate worldwide branded tea concern of the Tata Tea Group contributes to around 86 per cent of its amalgamate turnover. ( Web 1 ) Tata Steel Tata Steel signifiers India s largest incorporate private sector steel company. It was late in the intelligence for its coup detat command for Corus ( the UK based Steel maker ) . Tata Steel successfully won thecoup detatcommand and is now the world’s fifth-biggest steel house. Corus itself was a planetary company formed out of the 1999 amalgamation of British Steel and Dutch group Hoogovens and employed 47000 employees. ( Web 2 ) It had a graduated table of 19 million metric tons and a presence in Europe with a important trade name name. Corus is now an unlisted company and is held by one of Tata Steel s subordinates on a 100-per cent footing. Tata Steel’s other major acquisition before Corus was Singapore’s steel house Natsteel. It acquired Natsteel to give itself a bridgehead in seven states, including Australia. Before thecoup detatof Corus and Natsteel, Tata steel was chiefly a place based company and Corus represents its first enlargement outside of Asia. It does hold has subordinates in Sri Lanka ( ajoint venturewith Lanka Special Steel ) . Tata Steel’s typical advantage lies in the efficiency of its operations and inexpensive altogether stuffs which has earned itself a alone ticket of being the lowest cost steel manufacturers in the universe. Tata Consultancy Services Tata Consultancy Services ( TCS ) is one of the taking information engineering companies in the universe holding over 50 planetary bringing Centres. Its clients include seven of the top 10 corporations in the Fortune 500 list of the largest corporations in the United States, corporations such as IBM, GE etc. ( Web 3 ) Through its consulting services, TSC helps clients to optimise their concern processes to guarantee faster and accurate consequences. It besides provides client such as GE proving integrating and proving solutions. Its outsourcing maps allow companies like IBM to concentrate on their nucleus operations. TCS besides offers cognition based outsourcing for clients like Danone ( France ) through which it spouses to do its IT substructure flexible, scalable, and secure, while maximising public presentation. Tata Motors Tata Motors is India s largest car company which began its fabrication with a 15-yearcoaction understandingwith Daimler Benz of Germany. It is a quickly turning company and like other Tata Group of companies pursues growing through amalgamations, joint ventures and acquisitions. In 2004, itacquiredthe Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Company, Korea s second-largest truck shaper, now named Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company. ( Rao, 2003 ) Following Year, Tata Motorsacquired a 21-per cent interestin Hispano Carrocera, a reputed Spanish coach and manager maker, with an option to get the staying interest every bit good. This acquisition has made Tata Motors the universe s fifth-largest medium and heavy commercial vehicle maker. It nowexportsvehicles to Europe, Africa, the Middle East, South and South East Asia and Australia and hasassembly operationsin Malaysia, Bangladesh, Ukraine, Kenya and Russia. Some of its other associates include Tata Cummmins ; a joint venture with US based engine maker Cummins, Telco Construction Equipment Company ; a joint venture with Nipponese based Hitachi Machinery for earthmoving and heavy equipments like Cranes etc. ( Web 3 ) Tata AutoComp Systems ( TACO ) Tata AutoComp System is a genuinely planetary engineering company in the automotive sector offering merchandises and services to vehicle and constituent makers every bit good as end-users of cars. It has built its base through partnerships and joint ventures with planetary constituent and vehicle makers. Its three major countries of concern include fabrication, technology and supply-chain direction. TACO has entered into a joint venture with fabrication companies across the universe which include states like Japan, South Korea, US and Germany. Some of its joint ventures are with Johnson Controls ( US ) , Yazaki Corporation ( Japan ) , CHKK ( Japan ) , Ficosa International ( Spain ) , Nifco Corporation ( Japan ) and Stadco ( UK ) ( Web 1 ) Tata BP Solar Tata BP Solar is ajoint venturebetween Tata Power Company and BP Solar, one of the largest solar companies in the universe. It uses state-of-the-art engineering to offer high-quality, advanced solar solutions that cater to the demands of single clients, big establishments every bit good as full communities. ( Source ) Tata BP solar can besides be termed transnational because it exports its merchandises and systems to a host of states and more than half ( 60 % ) of its gross revenues come from exports with more than 95 per cent of the exports traveling to Europe and America. Tata Group’s other large acquisitions list includes the acquisition of South Korean Automaker Daewoo. Daewoo’s domestic market portion has risen from 26 per cent to 33 per cent after the coup detat. ( Newing, 2005 ) Ratan Tata, the president of Tata Group is a steadfast truster in spread outing globally through acquisitions and joint ventures. He advises other Indian companies to turn organically and through amalgamations and acquisitions because he feels that a broader base equips a house against economic downswings. In line with his thought, the Tata Group’s planetary amalgamations hasn’t stopped. It sees the hotel section as the following large chance for growing and is actively seeking to turn its Tata Hotel Group by amalgamations, acquisitions and joint ventures with major hotel groups. Features of a good transnational company Company’s internationalisation and abroad enlargement affect all facets of the concern. For a MNC to be successful, the first measure is to take the right manner of incursion ( Acquisition, Stakeholder, Joint Venture, Licensing etc ) . How a company enters into understanding with the other company is a strategic determination which can take to a successful relationship. Eg. come ining a Chinese market can be really different to the US because Chinese companies and the authorities has greater control over distribution channels which can act upon the incursion scheme. Government ordinances, once more, can play a large portion in taking the best incursion scheme. Eg. Companies can merely keep up to 5-10 % interest in an Indian retail sector harmonizing to authorities ordinances. But, taking the right incursion scheme is merely the first measure and does non vouch success. Other facets such as concern scheme, Research and Development, production, procurance, gross revenues A ; se lling, trade name A ; rational belongings, direction, human resources, financing As ; accounting, IT direction hold to be considered. Companies could besides be required to alter their organisation construction and the manner work is carried out. Eg. A US based company come ining into a joint venture with a Nipponese house may hold to flatten its organisational construction harmonizing to Nipponese demands. Cultural and societal factors besides come into image, particularly, if the amalgamation is between two companies coming from different parts. Eg. Japan and US. All these facets of the concern has to be clearly understood before make up ones minding on a scheme. Decisions Tata Group of companies has been successful because of its model of communicating and value systems which cater to the demands of different demographic groups around the universe. Its experience in diverse sectors has armed it with the ability to visualise the merchandise from the end-users point of view which is critical to any MNC’s success. ( Skapinker, 2005 ) The Group and its transnational subordinates has helped further the development of domestic intermediate good bring forthing houses and has had a positive impact on the development of domestic fabrication houses and later on the Indian economic system. Through its Tata Consultancy, Tata Motors and now Tata Steel trade name, it has shown the manner to other Indian companies who have ever shied away from amalgamations and acquisitions. Taking a cue from Tata Group, other Indian companies have began spread outing their concern overseas. Tata Group have besides contributed to bettering the fabricating state of affairs in India and across the universe through good fabrication patterns. Another ground for its success is its control of abroad subordinates which is much stronger than that of Western companies. The group as a whole is cohesive and integrated which allows it to meet on ends. Ratan Tata ( 2006 ) sums up his Group’s success by saying that the group had allowed the companies that were taken over to retain the face, touch and experience of a local company while still pull offing to incorporate merchandise programs and schemes. Mentions Most of the company specific information was taken from Tata Group’s web site and Company Reports Books and Diaries Howard V. Perlmutter ( 1994 ) , The Tortuous Evolution of the Multinational Corporation, Columbia Journal of World Business, pp. 9-18. Lacity, M.C. , Willcocks, ( 1995 ) L.P. A ; Feeny, D.F. , ‘IT Outsourcing: Maximize Flexibility and Control, ’Harvard Business Review, May-June, pp.84-93 Murray, S ( 2005 ) ‘Managing Relationships’Financial Times, London, 2 June, p.29 Newing, R ( 2005 ) ‘Tactical out Tasking for operational benefits’Financial Times, 1 June, p.4 Prahalad, C.V. A ; Hamel, G. , ( 1990 ) ‘The Core Competence of the Corporation, ’Harvard Business Review, May-June, 79-91 Rao, H. R. , Nam, K. A ; Chaudhury, A. , ( 2003 ) ‘Information Systems Outsourcing, ’Communicationss of the ACM, Vol.39, No.7, pp.27, 28 Skapinker, M ( 2005 ) ‘Changing industry enters fresh era’Financial Times, London, 2 June, p.28 Web sites Web 1:Tata Group( online ) ( cited on 14 March 2007 ) Available from lt ; URL: //www.tata.com/ gt ; Web 2:Tata Corus But Who’s following( online ) ( cited on 14 March 2007 ) Available from lt ; URL: //http: //www.fool.co.uk/news/investing/company-comment/2006/10/19/tata-corusbut-whos-next.aspx gt ; Web 3:Tata Corus( online ) ( cited on 15 March 2007 ) Available from lt ; URL: // hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ft.com/cms/s/887968fa-54d7-11db-901f-0000779e2340.html

How to Label Digital Photos

How to Label Digital Photos How many times have you exclaimed in delight over the discovery of an old family photograph, only to turn it over and find out that absolutely nothing is written on the back? I can hear your groan of disappointment all the way from here. Wouldnt you give just about anything to have ancestors and relatives who took the time to label their family photographs? Whether you own a digital camera or use a scanner to digitize traditional family photographs, it is important to take some time and label your digital photos. This can be a  bit trickier than just getting out a pen, but if you learn to use something called image metadata  to label your digital photos, your future descendants will thank you. What Is Metadata? With respect to digital photos or other digital files, metadata  refers to the descriptive information embedded inside the file. Once added, this identifying information stays with the image, even if you move it to another device, or share it by email or online. There are two basic types of metadata that can be associated with a digital photo: EXIF (Exchangeable Image File Format)  data is automatically captured by your camera or scanner at the time it is taken or created. The EXIF metadata stored with a digital photograph might include the date and time the photo was taken, the type and size of the image file, camera settings or, if youre using a camera or phone with GPS capabilities, the geolocation.IPTC or XMP  data is data that is editable by you, allowing you to add and store information with your photos such as a caption, descriptive tags, copyright information, etc. IPTC is the most widely used industry standard, originally created by the  International Press Telecommunications Council for adding to a photograph specific data including the creator, a description, and copyright information.  XMP  (Extensible Metadata Platform) was developed by Adobe in 2001 off of IPTC. For the end-users purpose, the two standards are pretty much interchangeable. How to Add Metadata to Your Digital Photos Special photo labeling software, or just about any graphics software program, allows you to add IPTC/XMP metadata to your digital photographs. Some also enable you to also use this information (date, tags, etc.) to organize your collection of digital photos.  Depending on the software you choose, the available metadata fields may vary, but generally include fields for: authortitlecopyrightcaptionkeywords or tags The steps involved in adding metadata descriptions to your digital photos varies by program, but usually involves some variation of opening a photo in your graphics editing software and selecting a menu item such as File Get Info or Window Info and then adding your information to the appropriate fields. Photo editing programs that support IPTC/XMO include Adobe Lightroom, Adobe Photoshop Elements, XnView, Irfanview, iPhoto, Picasa and BreezeBrowser Pro. You can also add some of your own metadata directly in Windows Vista, 7, 8 and 10, or in Mac OS X. View a full list of software applications that support IPTC on the IPTC website.   Using IrfanView to Label Digital Photos If you dont already have a preferred graphics program, or your graphics software doesnt support IPTC/XMO, then IrfanView is a free, open-source graphic viewer that runs on Windows, Mac, and Linux. To use IrfanView for editing IPTC metadata: Open a .jpeg image with IrfanView (this doesnt work with other image formats such as .tif)Select Image InformationClick on the IPTC info button in the bottom-left cornerAdd information to the fields you choose. I recommend using the caption field to identify people, places, events, and dates. If known, it is also great to capture the name of the photographer.When you have finished entering your information, click the Write button at the bottom of the screen, and then OK. You  can also add IPTC information to multiple photos at once by highlighting a set of thumbnail images of .jpeg files. Right-click on the highlighted thumbnails and select JPG lossless operations and then Set IPTC data to selected files. Enter information and hit the Write button. This will write your information to all of the highlighted photos. This is a good method for entering dates, photographer, etc. Individual photos can then be further edited to add more specific information. Now that youve been introduced to image metadata, you have no further excuse for not labeling your digital family photos. Your future descendants will thank you!

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Interpersonal Psychotherapy Essay

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Interpersonal Psychotherapy - Essay Example This essay discusses two leading nursing theories, namely, (1) cognitive behavioral therapy and (2) interpersonal psychotherapy. The first section presents a separate discussion of these two nursing theories. The second section determines the similarities and differences between these two nursing theories in terms of major tenets, concepts, views, techniques, view of pathology/normality, etc. The third section discusses the relevance of these two nursing theories in nursing practice. The fourth section gives recommendations for advanced nursing practice in relation to interpersonal psychotherapy. The last part is the summary and conclusion of the entire paper. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Even a quick look at current literature in the discipline of child psychology suggests that the cognitive-behavioral theory has received significant empirical and clinical attention in recent times. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been effectively used in a broad array of medical disorders ex perienced by children, adolescents, and adults, such as learning difficulties, eating disorders, anxiety, and depression. According to Abela and Hankin (2007), cognitive-behavioral therapy is highly recognized for its focus on factors that make individuals vulnerable to emotional and behavioral difficulties, for its emphasis on the importance and function of the social context/environment and family in the growth and continuation of these problems, for its focus on unspoken ideas about the self and how these could affect emotional and behavioral wellbeing, and for its attention to scientific/empirical assessment approaches to psychopathology and the usefulness of treatments or interventions obtained from them. Cognitive therapy is rooted in the idea that behavior is capable of adjusting and that there is a connection between a person’s behaviors, emotions, and thoughts. A primary focus in cognitive-behavioral therapy, especially with adolescents, is on having an accurate know ledge of an individual’s behavioral pattern and the associated perceptual and cognitive components (Abela & Hankin, 2007). Cognitions are defined as â€Å"an organized set of beliefs, attitudes, memories and expectations, along with a set of strategies for using this body of knowledge in an adaptive manner† (Reinecke, Dattilio, & Freeman, 2006, 3). Basically, cognitions denote an individual’s existing ideas or self-awareness, including expectations, values, objectives, attitudes, judgments, memories, and perceptions. It is crucial to take into account each of these factors when trying to understand and treat emotional and behavioral disorders. It is not possible, therefore, to differentiate the cognitive from the social. Cognitive processes are achieved, sustained, and operate in social environments. They are shaped and strengthened by parents, members of the family, and others in the immediate environment of the child, and play an adaptive role in structuring a nd controlling the child’s reactions to traumatic life episodes (Reinecke et al., 2006). This point of view is in agreement with

Talent Management & Succession Planning in the Work Environment Assignment

Talent Management & Succession Planning in the Work Environment - Assignment Example In order to achieve the above functions, proper and reliable communication structures are also paramount. It is often said that the strength of a team or an organisation in general, lies in the diversity of its workers, which in this case is defined by the existing differences in knowledge, talents and innovativeness among each other. In addition, it can create and nurture new talents to succeed those that are retiring and transferring from their jobs. This paper focuses on talent management and succession planning, and how these processes are conducted in businesses in their bid to remain competitive and successful. It also examines a case study to identify how these practices are designed and implemented by Apple Company. Current advancements in the business world require that business invest in reliable human capital in order to maintain their excellence and better performance. The advancements include; changes in information and technology, competition strategies and methods of successful business management. In this understanding, human resource managers in organisations have to work closely with the top management in order to attract, hire, develop and retain talents. However, despite these efforts, skills shortages in the current business environment continue to present both socio-economic and cultural challenges as talent crosses borders in industries globally. Analysis of human resource trends and skills are needed in businesses because of the shifting demographic patterns, international and global supply chains, an aging workforce as well as occupational mobility. For this reason, human resource managers are expected to devise effective strategies in harnessing and managing their talents (Cheese and Robert 11-12). The success of talent identification and management approaches places organizations in better positions to establish themselves firmly in the changing business environment, both locally as well as on a global

Competitive&strategic analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Competitive&strategic analysis - Essay Example A study by Fleisher and Babette (20) posits that a marketing manager requires applying strategic positioning through serious inventions. He requires coming up with new services by keeping up with the market trends. This is not easy because it calls for a lot of creativity and learning the competitor’s operations. The company as a whole requires understanding the market trends in order to set a strategic position. This includes thorough research from the competitors and from the consumers. This success can only happen through enhancing this company’s online marketing which lacks in the company. It should create strong websites with relevant information both existing and potential in relation to marketing. The company should set aside some funds in order to create a strong online presence through wed-designs and development. This is because research shows that 97% of the consumers use the web to search for local and international businesses. After creating the website, the company should consider its Search Engine Optimization (SEO) since study shows that 80% consumers use it for researching products (Fleischer & Babette 30). Every company requires harmonized decision-making, and it is important to include all employees in decision-making. Online marketing is the most popular marketing strategy in the current business world. For this reason, this company requires coming up with a strong internet presence in order to capture a larger

Pretty Women Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pretty Women - Movie Review Example Being white, Vivian received help from the hotel manager in getting herself ‘made up’. However, in retrospect, she might not have received the same treatments had she been Black or Asian like Fox and Liu, respectively. On the other hand, should that have been how the story goes whether or not the female role player is white or colored, it would still go that way according to the director’s wants about how things should be. In the real world though, it is most probable that more racist actions and comments could have been flung to the lady if she was of a different race, and the woman could have endured more sufferings than the Vivian played by Roberts. With respect to becoming prostitutes, people usually have the assumption that poverty usually causes someone to engage at such a degrading profession. It could be a common perception which probably is logical considering most of the poor are not able to go to a level of education where they can be competent to get m ore decent jobs.

The Rampart Scandal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Rampart Scandal - Essay Example The LAPD's motto is 'To protect and serve' (Los Angeles Police Department, 2008). However, through numerous occasions involving corruption, obstructions of justice, racially motivated beatings and officers drug dealing, the city's police force's image has been tarnished and re-tarnished again and again as being recognized as an law enforcement agency unlike any other the country or the world has ever seen. Lawlessness as it would seem, has always been one of the key ingredients that keeps this law-enforcing agency a household name in the city of Los Angeles. The concept of a police department came after the city's second City Marshal Jack Whaling was murdered in 1853 (Los Angeles Police Department, 2008). His killer met his death at the hands of a bounty hunter, thus prompting the city's first chief, Dr. A.W. Hope to organize the Los Angeles Rangers. The Los Angeles Rangers volunteered to help the County Sheriff and Marshal. A white ribbon identified these new rangers, which had the words imprinted, "City Police - Authorized by the Council of Los Angeles (Los Angeles Police Department, 2008). The city's police department has always had a sen... Foster was mayor. The mayor saw it fit to lead a mob of people, which removed a criminal suspect from jail and hang him (Los Angeles Police Department, 2008). Mayor Foster was promptly reelected. Such actions were looked upon as normal, even praised at the times. However, an event such as this was just the fist step on a journey through the LAPD's history of its brand of no holds bar, Wild West type of judgment, when policing the community. Racial tensions between the LAPD and its constituents have seemed to be the social norm for the city Los Angeles. A look at a law in 1850 revealed that racial tension was protected under the state's statutes and was upheld by California's Supreme Court. According to Los Angeles Police Department, (2008), No black or mulatto person, or Indian, shall be permitted to give evidence in favor of, or against, any white person. Every person who shall have one-eighth part or more of Negro blood shall be deemed a mulatto and every person who shall have one-half of Indian blood shall be deemed Indian (p.1). Asian Americans suffered the same fate of persecution under the law, as this law extended to them as well. The racially motivated violence perpetuated in the city did nothing to reform the laws that governed the community. As more and more Chinese settled in the city looking for work on the railroads and in the mines, tension between White and Asian began to escalate at an alarming rate. The Los Angeles Massacre, which occurred on October 24, 1871, was believed to have been a dispute between two Chinese named Yo Hing and Sam Yuen (Los Angeles Massacre Site, 2004). The two men arguing led to Yo Hing being shot. The dispute continued in to the next day, as Officer Bilderrain

Marios Game and Video Masters Rentals Essay Example for Free

Marios Game and Video Masters Rentals Essay This project will aim to solve the information handling problems of Marios Game and Video Masters Rentals. Marios Game and Video Masters Rentals is a rental store that rents videos, games, and now DVDs (newly added) and is run by a man named Mario Anderson. To provide these services information is collected and stored about the items, and the members. Information about each member is written on a card, which is then put in to a card index box, which is sorted out by the member surname, then forename, then member number. Information about the items is put onto a card, which is then put in its case. After each day, a shop assistant writes loans list of all the items that have been rented out, along with the member number and video number, and name. What happens in Normal circumstances? When a member wants to rent out a copy, the customer must take it from an empty case from the shelf with the item card inside it. When he/she hands it into the counter, the shop assistant takes the card out and looks at the video number, and then takes the member number from the customer. If the member has lost their membership card, then they must pay a fee of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.00, and will receive a new card. The persons old card for the store is destroyed, and the new one is put in the box .The shop assistant then asks the customer how many days he or she will want to rent it for, and writes it on the item card. The shop assistant then hands the item over to the customer. When an item is returned, the shop assistant goes back to the loan list from the date of rental. He or she then crosses it off. Then, he or she puts the case back onto the shelf and the item behind the counter. At the end of everyday, the loan lists are searched to find out if there are any overdue items. Then, by hand they must write a letter to the corresponding people. What happens in Special circumstances? When a new member joins, he must pay a joining fee of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5.00. Their details are stored on the card and placed in the index box in order. The shop assistant then gives the new member a membership card. When a member leaves, hand in their membership card, and their card in the index box is taken out and destroyed. When an item is bought, an item details card is filled out and put in the case. The actual item is put behind the counter, and the case with the card inside is placed on the shelf. When an item is sold because it is not popular anymore, the video card is taken out and destroyed. What Problems do the current system cause? The current system causes the following problems: Members lose their membership cards. They must pay à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.00 for a new one. Sometimes the cards go missing, so then new ones must be written out, and that is quite time-consuming. Sometimes, when different shop assistants write out the video card, other assistants may not be able to read the others handwriting, which leads to huge error e.g. a 4 written could look like a 9. A members card or an item card could be misplaced and could take a lot of time to find It is very time consuming when a shop assistant must look through the loan lists and write the reminder letters. When customers ask the staff whether a particular title is available, the staff will not be able to know it unless they have a particularly good memory. How could Mr Anderson solve the information-handling problems? Mr Anderson could solve their information handling problems by using a filing cabinet to store their information about members and items using detail cards. The advantage of this system is that much more information can be stored using this system. But the disadvantages are that these could be misplaced, lost or damaged, just like the existing system. Unauthorised people can take some records. It would also be quite time consuming. Another way of solving the problems would be to use a computer to store information about members, rentals, and items. The advantages of this system are that it can store a lot of data in a small space, searches through it very quickly. But computers can be quite expensive. There are two ways a computer can be used. You could write a program to solve all the information-handling problems, but I do not know how to write programs on the computer and it is very expensive to pay a programmer and it would be time-consuming. Or, you could use an application package such as a database. This database could store and process all the information about members, items, and rentals What is the best way out of the solutions? The best way to solve the information handling problems of Mr Anderson will be to set up a new system using a computer. I have decided to use a computer because: * Computers can store large amounts of data in a small space. * The information can be searched very quickly * Lists and reports about the information in a computer can be produced very quickly and easily. * There is already a computer that can be used (Mr Anderson has two computers at home, one of which he does not use) I have decided to do this using an application package because: * I do not know how to write computer programs * There is a wide variety of application packages * Application packages can be changed and customised to suit the needs of the user * Have used different application packages I the past The most suitable type of application package will be a database because: * Database packages are specially designed to store and process information. * I have used database packages before, so I know a lot more about these as oppose to packages I have never used before What must the new system be able to do? The new system must be able to perform the following tasks: * Allow member details to be looked up, edited and stored quickly, easily and accurately * Allow item details to be looked up, edited and stored quickly, easily and accurately * Allow rental details to be looked up, edited and stored quickly, easily and accurately * Allow item details to be searched to answer customer enquiries quickly and easily * Produce a report listing member and video details for overdue items. * Produce reminder letters to members with overdue items. The following criteria will be used to evaluate the success of the new system: * The system must be able to store at least 10 member records * The system must be able to store at least 20 item records * The system must be able to store at least 10 rental records * It must take no longer than 30 seconds to find and display a rental, item or loan record. * It must take no longer than two minutes to answer customers enquiries by entering search criteria and finding matching item * It must take no more than one minute to find and delete a member, item or rental record * It must take no more than two minutes to find and edit a member, item or rental record * It must take no more than two minutes to create a new member, item or rental record * On-screen data entry forms must be clearly laid out to make data entry easy * On-screen data entry forms must use automatic data validation to reduce data error on input * It must take no longer than 5 minutes to search for members with overdue video and produce a summary report * Reminder letters to customers with overdue videos should be clearly laid out and include all the details of the videos that need to be returned.

Curbing crime against women

Curbing crime against women CURBING CRIME AGAINST WOMEN INTRODUCTION Despite existence of a number of special legislations for providing protection to women, the proportion of crime against women has deteriorated. Women continue to be victims of various types of crimes. Although Women may be victims of any of the crimes such as ‘Murder, ‘Robbery, ‘Cheating, etc, only the crimes which are directed specifically against Women are characterised as ‘Crimes Against Women. These are broadly classified under two categories. The Crimes under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) Rape (Sec. 376 IPC) Kidnapping Abduction for different purposes (Sec. 363 373 IPC) Homicide for Dowry, Dowry Deaths or their attempts (Sec. 302/304-B IPC) Torture, both mental and physical (Sec. 498-A IPC) Molestation (Sec. 354 IPC) Sexual Harassment (Sec. 509 IPC) Importation of girls (upto 21 years of age) (Sec. 366-B IPC) The Crimes under the Special Local Laws (SLL) Although all laws are not gender specific, the provisions of law affecting women significantly have been reviewed periodically and amendments carried out to keep pace with the emerging requirements. The gender specific laws for which crime statistics are recorded throughout the country are Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 The Child Marriage Restraint (Amendment) Act, 1979 Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986 Commission of Sati (Prevention) LITERATURE REVIEW Life in Delhi turns a daily nightmare for women from North-East New Delhi:The capital city of India has become a daily nightmare for women from the North-East of the country who are here to study or for work. A close study of reports shows that the community of about 100,000 people from the north-eastern states is under threat – virtually any day, any time – of assault, molestation, or murder. As many as 16 severe cases of molestation, rape and other forms of extreme cruelty perpetuated in Delhi against people from the North-East have been recorded so far in 2009. And, 4 of these incidents took place in the last two weeks. The worst cases of recent atrocities against people from the North-East staying in Delhi include the murder by Pushpam Kumar Sinha, 34, of a young girl from Manipur; molestation of a girl from Arunachal by school boys; molestation of a girl from Nagaland; and assault on a couple from Nagaland. On October 24, 2009, Pushpam Sinha, 34, a PhD scholar working at the India Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi, assaulted and strangled to death Ramchanphy Hongray, the 19-year-old girl who is his neighbour, in her home in south Delhi. The man then burnt the girls face in order to mislead the police. At Sarojini Nagar in Delhi, on October 12, a girl from the North-East was dragged into a van. However, the presence of mind of the victim, who is an employee of a 5-star hotel, saved her life. After the girl raised a hue and cry, passersby caught hold of one of the assailants and beat him up. On October 17, a couple from Nagaland was assaulted by some young men, who were allegedly drunk, at Safdarjung Enclave. The same day, a 5-year-old girl from the North-East was allegedly molested by her tuition teacher. Earlier, in April 2009, a girl aged 6, was raped and murdered by her neighbour. The girls body was later fished out from a water tank nearby. These terrifying incidents have prompted YS Dadwal, Delhi Police Commissioner, to call for a ‘zero-tolerance policy towards any crime committed against women from the North-East. He has ordered that crimes committed against people from the North-East be given top priority, and asked 3 Deputy Commissioners from east, south and north Delhi to act as nodal officers for the safety of women. However, many members of the North-East community complain that the police have been slow to act. According to Madhu Chandra, spokesman for the North-East Support Centre and Helpline, a help centre for the youth from the north-eastern states living in Delhi and the National Capital region (NCR), there have been several cases of atrocities, but police are doing little about them and demanded that the Delhi government act sternly to check these incidents. About 4,000 students from the North-East take admission to various courses in Delhi University (DU) each year, and for them, every day in Delhi is like a nightmare, Madhu Chandra says. A survey conducted by the North-East Support Centre and Helpline has revealed that 86% (or about 86,000) people hailing from the north-eastern states and living in Delhi face some sort of discrimination or the other â€Å"on a daily basis.† The North-East Support Centre alleges that nearly half the number of women sexually harassed in Delhi and neighbourhood is from the North-East. He says that the Northeast Support Centre and Helpline is â€Å"flooded with complaints related to sexual harassment.† Most members of the north-eastern community are not happy with the police. Kamakshi Sinha, who hails from Assam and doing her undergraduate course in Delhi University, says that that the police circular is â€Å"just a piece of paper.† She complains that people in Delhi call them ‘Chinky and such other derogatory names, and the policemen ridicule them when they go to the police station to lodge a complaint. Another female student of Delhi University says that most girls from the North-East are even scared of approaching the police. â€Å"Police do not respond to our pleas, and we are treated like outcasts,† she laments. Meanwhile, Rahul Gandhi, MP and Congress general secretary, has said he will totally cooperate with the North-East Students Union in its efforts to curb the increasing menace of crime against both men and women the north-eastern states. Rahul Gandhi gave this assurance to a team of members of the North-East Students Union which met him to seek his support and intervention in the matter. ARTICLE:2 NCW gives wake-up call to curb crime against women Puneet Nicholas Yadav / DNA Thursday, January 15, 2009 2:27 IST New Delhi:Its a cry to check the rise in crime against women across the country, aptly titled, Jaago (wake up). The National Commission for Women (NCW) plans to soon initiate its nationwide Jaago campaign, to sensitise policemen and civil society about crime against women. The commission will shortly invite representatives of corporates, educational institutions and BPO companies to discuss the safety and security arrangements for women employees. The campaign is likely to be launched on January 16.The decision to initiate the campaign came days after a 22-year-old MBA student was allegedly gang-raped by 10 men in Noida. Girija Vyas, chairperson of the NCW said, Though the year 2007-2008 was a year of women achievers, it was also the year of crime against women. Horrific cases of rapes and molestation came to light in the year. The NCW received shocking complaints from across the country such as the rape of a 72-year-old woman and another rape case of a four-year-old girl. The recent Noida gang-rape incident was equally appalling. There is an urgent need to address the issue of crime against women and the Jaago campaign intends to do that. As part of the campaign, the NCW is tying up with several schools, NGOs and other groups to spread awareness about violence against women. The campaign would also address other issues such as checking harassment of women at workplace, molestation, women safety besides sensitising cops about dealing with women victims and accused. Vyas also agreed that there was a need to educate people in rural areas where theres an immense need to sensitise the people about womens rights and checking violence against women. The NCW chief quoted statistics based on complaints filed with the NCW and records available with the National Crime Records Bureau to establish how crimes against women had been on the rise in the country and specifically in UP. ARTICLE : 3 RECOVERY FUNDS AVAILABLE TO HELP CURB VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, IMPROVE VICTIM SERVICES HARRISBURG, Pa., Sept. 9 The Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency issued the following news release: Approximately $4 million in federal American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funding is available to support and strengthen services to women who are victims of violent crime, the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency said today. The STOP Violence Against Women, or STOP/VAWA, Formula Grant Program also works to improve the criminal and juvenile justice systems response to violence against women. Interested applicants, including domestic violence and sexual assault programs, state organizations and counties, may apply through PCCDs Egrants system by October 6. Bill to curb crime against women soon EXPRESS NEWS SERVICE MUMBAI, JULY 18: The state government will soon bring in a legislation to curb crime against women, Deputy Chief Minister Chhagan Bhujbal announced in the Legislative Assembly today.Replying to supplementaries over a calling attention notice moved by Sudhir Munguntiwar (BJP) and others on burning of a bank employee Vidya Prabhudesai near Mumbai Central last month, Bhujbal also announced that a committee of women legislators would be formed to suggest measures for prevention and control of crime against women. A committee headed by Additional Chief Secreatry (Home) M R Patil had prepared drafts of two legislations Maharashtra Women Security Act and Maharashtra Prevention of Harassment of Girls Act. However, it was later decided to formulate a single comprehensive bill instead of two different bills on the same issue, Bhujbal told the House.Accordingly, the committee has been asked to prepare the draft within two months, he said. Munguntiwar asked if the government would form a committee of the woman MLAs for the purpose. Bhujbal said the government had appointed the Commissioner for Women and Child Welfare and a representative of the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, who were well aware of the problems of women, as members on the committee. Further, the draft of the proposed legislation would be referred to the woman legislators for studying it and the amendments suggested by them would be incorporated. Irked over the reply, Vishakha Raut (Sena) protested against the Deputy Chief Ministers attitude towards women legislators and demanded immediate formation of the committee of women legislators. She was followed by other women members of Sena-BJP, who shouted slogans against the government. Finally, Bhujbal said that the government would fulfil the demand of the women legislators. On an another occasion, members of opposition Sena-BJP rushed to the well protesting against the ruling of the Deputy Speaker Pramod Shende on withdrawing a calling attention notice from the days agenda. The notice was moved by Opposition members on arrest of a person allegedly linked to `Lashkar-e-Toyba, a terrorist organisation, in Nanded. Gopinath Munde (BJP) sought to know why the government failed to gather information on the issue on time. Minister of state for home Manikrao Thakre said the notice was also related to arrest of terrorists in Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Since the information from the two neighbouring states was not received, the government requested the presiding officer to take up the notice for discussion on Wednesday. RESEARCH METHODELOGY PRIMEARY DATA SAMPLING I had visited Delhi (west) and interviewed about 30 women (working + college going girls student) from where I came to know about different aspect of crime which are prominent there like rape ,sexual harassment, importation of girls and many more . They also suggested different way to stop this or to minimise it. After this I visited 30 more women in same area ask them to fill questioner. SECONDARY DATA Reported Incidents of crime (Incidence†¦1,54,333) A total of 1,54,333 incidents of crime against women were reported in the country during 2008 as compared to 1,40,601 during 2007 recording 9.8% increase during 2008. These crimes had reported an increase of 1.7% in 2001 over 2000 (from 1,41,373 cases in 2000 to 143,795 cases in 2001) and declined during 2002 and 2003 with 1,43,034 and 1,40,601 cases followed again by an increase during 2004. Andhra Pradesh, accounting for nearly 7.3 per cent of the countrys population, has accounted for 12.3% of total incidents of crime against women in the country by reporting 18,921 cases. Uttar Pradesh, with nearly 16.4% share of countrys population has accounted for 10.0% of total crime against women by reporting 15,485 cases during the year. Crime Rate (Crime rate†¦ 14.2) The rate of crime has increased by 7.6 per cent from 13.2 during the year 2007 to 14.2 during 2008. Delhi, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh were top three States in the order of crime rate at 24.1, 24.0 and 23.5 respectively. Crime head-wise analysis (IPC) Rape (Incidence†¦18,233 Rate†¦1.7) Rape cases have reported mixed trends over last 5 years with a decrease of 2.5 per cent in 2004 over 2003, an increase of 1.8 per cent in 2005 over 2004, a decrease of 3.2 per cent in the year 2007 over 2006 and substantial increase of 15.0 per cent in the current year. Madhya Pradesh has reported the highest number of Rape cases (2,875) accounting for 15.8% of total such cases reported in the country. However, Tripura has reported the highest crime rate 4.8 as compared to National average of 1.7. Incest Rape (Incidence†¦505) As compared to 15.0 percent increase in overall Rape cases, Incest cases have increased by 26.5 per cent from 399 cases in 2003 to 505 cases in 2008. Chhattisgarh (78) has accounted for the highest 15.4 per cent of the total such cases reported in the country Rape Victims Out of 18,233 reported Rape cases in the country, there were 18,239 victims of Rape. Of the total victims of Rape, 8.9% (1,622) were girls under the 15 years of age, while 11.0% (2,008) were teenaged girls (15-18 years). Nearly two-third (11,343) (62.2%) were Women in the age-group 19-30 years. 3,189 victims (17.5%) were in the age-group of 31-50 years while only 0.4 per cent (81) were over 50 years of age. Offenders were known to the victims in as many as 15,619 (85.6%) cases. Of these, parents/close family members were involved in 3.2% (505 out of 15,619) cases, neighbours were involved in 34.3% cases (5,358 out of 15,619) and relatives were involved in 6.6% (1033 out of 15,619) cases. The State/UT/City-wise details are presented in Kidnapping Abduction (Incidence†¦15,578 Rate†¦1.4) These cases have reported an increase of 17.2 per cent as compared to previous year (13,296). Uttar Pradesh (2,324) has accounted for 14.9 per cent of the total cases at the National level. Delhi has reported the highest rate at 5.8 as compared to the National average of 1.4. Dowry Deaths (Incidence†¦7,026 Rate†¦0.6) These cases have increased by 13.2% over the previous year (6,208). Out of the total such cases reported in the country around 24.3% cases were reported from Uttar Pradesh (1,708) alone followed by Bihar (1,029) (14.6%). The highest rate of crime (1.2) was, however, reported from Bihar and Madhya Pradesh as compared to the National average of 0.6 only. Torture (Cruelty by Husband Relatives) (Incidence†¦58,121 Rate†¦5.4) ‘Torture cases in the country have increased by 14.6 per cent over the previous year (50,703). 14.4 per cent of these were reported from Andhra Pradesh (8,388). The highest rate at 11.2 was reported from Rajasthan as compared to the National rate at 5.4. Molestation (Incidence†¦34,567 Rate†¦3.2) Incidents of Molestation in the country have increased by 4.9 per cent over the previous year (32,939). 19.4% of total such cases were reported from Madhya Pradesh (6,690) which also reported the highest rate (10.3) as compared to the National average of 3.2. Sexual Harassment (Eve –Teasing) (Incidence†¦10,001 Rate†¦0.9) The number of such cases has significantly declined by 18.9 per cent over the previous year (12,325). Uttar Pradesh has reported 26.8 per cent of cases (2,682) followed by Andhra Pradesh 23.1 per cent (2,310). Haryana has reported the highest crime rate 3.8 as compared to the National average of 0.9. Importation of Girls (Incidence†¦89) An increase of 93.5% in such cases was reported as 89 cases were reported during the year as compared to 46 cases in the previous year. Jharkhand (36) and Bihar (35) have reported highest number of such cases accounting for 40.4% and 39.3% respectively of total such cases at the National level. Crime-head wise analysis (Special Laws) Sati Prevention Act (Incidence†¦0) The practice of Sati is on the wane in modern times. Still sporadically, cases under this Act get reported. However, no such case from any of the State/UT was reported in the country during the year 2008. Dowry Prohibition Act (Incidence†¦3,592 Rate†¦0.3) The cases under this Act have increased by 33.8 per cent as compared to the previous year (2,684). More than one third (34.0%) cases were reported from Bihar (1,220) followed by Orissa (532) which also reported the highest crime at 1.4 as compared to 0.3 at the National level. Crime against Women in Cities (All-India†¦1,54,333 Cities†¦20,492) As per population census 2001, 35 cities having population over 10 lakh were identified as Mega cities. A total of 20,492 cases of crimes against women were reported from these 35 cities as compared to 19,573 cases in the year 2003 reporting an increase of 4.7 per cent. The rate of crime in cities at 19.0 was comparatively higher as compared to the National rate of 14.2 Among 35 cities, Delhi (3,334) has accounted for 16.3 per cent of total crimes followed by Hyderabad (1,978) (9.7%). The crime rate was significantly higher in Vijayawada (109.5) city as compared to all-cities rate of 19.0 only. Delhi city has accounted for 30.3% of Rape cases, 33.3% of Kidnapping Abduction cases, 19.8% of Dowry Deaths and 18.3% of Molestation cases, 14.8% of Cruelty By Husband Relatives among 35 cities. Faridabad of Haryana has reported 17.8% of Eve-Teasing cases (434 out of 2,434 cases). It is worthwhile mentioning that Bangalore, Chennai, Coimbatore, Hyderabad and Mumbai were more vigilant in curbing these crimes as more cases under Special Laws Local Acts were booked in these cities. 32.3 per cent (422 out of 1,907) of cases under Immoral Traffic (P) Act and 79.4 per cent (247 out of 311) of Dowry Prohibition Act cases were booked in Bangalore city alone. 20.5 per cent (392 out of 1907) cases in Chennai, 13.4 per cent (255 out of 1907) cases in Coimbatore and 12.1 per cent (231 out of 1907) cases in Mumbai were booked under Immoral Traffic (P) Act. Similarly, 80.3 per cent (297 out of 370) cases under Indecent Representation of Women (P) Act were booked under Hyderabad City only. The increase in cases booked under SLL represent preventive policing of State/UT police. Keeping this in view, an attempt has also been made to analyse the Crime Against Women by excluding SLL crimes i.e. Sati STEP TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT Transitional Housing Assistance Program Grants For Victimized Women -Victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, dating violence and stalking i.e. women now can get adequate relief through the Governments Office on Violence Against Women (OVM) having twofold motive: to curtail violence against women and execute justice for and invigorate services to these victimized women. OVM accomplishes this intention through developing and assisting the capacity and capability of tribal, local, state and non-profit organizations concerned in addressing violence Grants And Sub Grants Provided To Stop Violence Against Women -The STOP Violence against Women Formula Grant Program was constituted with an aim to encourage integrated and multidisciplinary approach to improve response of the criminal justice system with respect to violent crimes against women. Under this program, efficacious law enforcement and prosecution strategies are encouraged to develop and strengthen their policies and procedures to curb violent crimes against women. Grant Programs To Stop Violence Against Women -United States government statistics revealed the most grueling picture: one in every four women becoming target of domestic violence and approximately 1.3 million women have been physically assaulted by her intimate partner. But women in rural areas facing sexual assault, domestic or other kinds of violence are more vulnerable than their counterparts in cities. Opportunities For Indian Tribal Government To Avail Grants -Grants for the Indian Tribal Government Program are formulated to empower tribes to respond to violent crimes against Indian women, ensure safety of the victims and develop their education and preventive strategies. The Indian tribal governments or their authorized designees are provided with the grants enabling them to initiate actions and programs on awareness about increasing level of domestic violence and sexual assault against American women and Alaska native women. Financial Aids To Reduce Violence Against Women -The STOP Violence Against Women Formula Grant Program was constituted with an aim to encourage integrated and multidisciplinary approach to improve response of the criminal justice system with respect to violent crimes against women. Under this program, efficacious law enforcement and prosecution strategies are encouraged to develop and strengthen their policies and procedures to curb violent crimes against women Grants To Help Victimized Rural Women United States government statistics revealed the most grueling picture: one in every four women becoming target of domestic violence and approximately 1.3 million women have been physically assaulted by her intimate partner. But women in rural areas facing sexual assault, domestic or other kinds of violence are more vulnerable than their counterparts in cities. Rural women have to face many hurdles while receiving assistance; even service providers have to face barriers in the different form. Us Government Grants To Indian Tribal Governments Program -Grants for the Indian Tribal Government Program are formulated to empower tribes to respond to violent crimes against Indian women, ensure safety of the victims and develop their education and preventive strategies. The Indian tribal governments or their authorized designees are provided with the grants enabling them to initiate actions and programs on awareness about increasing level of domestic violence and sexual assault against American women and Alaska native women. DATA ANALYSIS By studying the primary and secondary data the situation of crime against women is analysed as given below: Crime Head-wise Incidents of Crime Against Women during 2004-2008 and Percentage variation in 2007 over 2008 TABLE-1 Crime head Rape Kidnapping Abduction Dowry Death Torture Molestation Sexual Harassment Importation of Girls Sati Prevention Act Immoral Traffic (P) Act Indecent Rep. of Women (P) Act Dowry Prohibition Act 2004 16496 15023 6995 45778 32940 11024 64 0 9515 662 2876 2005 16075 14645 6851 49170 34124 9746 114 0 8796 1052 3222 2006 16373 14506 6822 49237 33943 10155 76 0 6598 2508 2816 2007 15847 13296 6208 50703 32939 12325 46 0 5510 1043 2684 2008 18233 15578 7026 58121 34567 10001 89 0 5748 1378 3592 %variation 15.0 17.1 13.2 14.6 4.9 -18.8 93.5 4.3 32.1 33.8 Total 141373 143795 143034 140601 154333 9.8 TABLE-2 Proportion of Crime Against Women (IPC) towards total IPC crimes Sl.No Year Total IPC Crimes Crime Against women (IPC cases) Percentage to total IPC crimes 1 2 3 4 5 2003 2004 2005 2006-2007 2007-2008 17,71,084 17,69,308 17,80,330 17,16,120 18,32,015 1,28,320 1,30,725 1,31,112 1,31,364 1,43,615 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.6 7.8 SUGESSIONS Measures needed to curb Crime against Women The Government of India have to deeply concerned with these trends and ground situation and have to re-emphasized that urgent action should be taken on the following:- 1.Vigorously enforce the existing legislation relating to Crime against Women and Children, i.e.,DowryProhibition Act, 1961, Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929, Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956, Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986, Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 and Violence against Women (Prevention) Act, 2005, Section 67 of the IT Act, 2000, the display of lascivious photographs/films on computer through internet,etc. 2. The administration and police should play a more proactive role in detection and investigation of crime against women and ensuring that there is no under reporting. 3. Increasing the overall representation of women in police forces.The representation of women in police at all levels should be increased through affirmative action so that they constitute about 33% of the police. 4. Sensitizing the law enforcement machinery towards crime against women by way of well structured training programmes, meetings and seminars etc., for police personnel at all levels as well as other functionaries of the criminal justice system. 5. For improving general awareness on legislations, mechanisms in place for safety and protection of women, the concerned department of the State Government must, inter-alia, take following steps: Create awareness through print and electronic media; Develop a community monitoring system to check cases of violence, abuse and exploitation and take necessary steps to curb the same; Involving the Community at large in creating and spreading such awareness; and Organize legal literacy and legal awareness camps. Explore the possibility of associating NGOs working in the area of combating crime against women. Citizens groups and NGOs should be encouraged to increase awareness about gender issues in society and help bring to light violence against women and also assist the police in the investigation of crime against women.Close coordination between the police and the NGOs dealing with the interests of women may be ensured. There should be no delay whatsoever in registration of FIR in all cases of crime against women. 8.All out efforts should be made to apprehend all the accused named in the FIRimmediately so as to generate confidence in the victims and their family member Cases should be thoroughly investigated and charge sheets against the accused persons should be filed within three months from the date of occurrence, without compromising on the quality of investigation.Speedy investigation should be conducted in heinous crimes like rape. The medical examination of rape victims should be conducted without delay. Ensure proper supervisions at appropriate level of cases of crime against women from the recording of FIR to the disposal of the case by the competent court. Help-line numbers of the crime against women cells should be exhibited prominently in hospitals/schools/colleges premises, and in other suitable places. 12. Set up exclusive ‘Crime Against Women and Children desk in each police station and the Special Women police cells in the police stations and all women policethanaas needed. The specialized Sexual Assault Treatment Units could be developed in government hospitals having a large maternity section. The Health department of the StateGovts., should set up ‘Rape CrisisCentres'(RCCs) and specialized ‘Sexual Assault Treatment Units (SATUs), at

Cider House Rules Essay -- essays research papers

The movie Cider House Rules involves many different characters that one can focus on, but the main character I want to focus on is Homer Wells, who is also the main character of the film. Now every character goes through many different situations and are faced with different obstacles that they must over come. Dr. Larch has to over come the ability to realize he is human, and how the board wants to replace him. Mr. Rose has to over come non-diligent workers, and conflicts with his daughter and keep a calm, flowing working environment. Candy Kendall has to deal with her husband Wally Worthington being away fighting for the United States in World War II. On the other side Wally has to deal with the loss of ability to use his legs and being paralyzed in a wheel chair. But, none of these are more compelling or can be looked at in so many ways as Homer's. Now from the time Dr. Larch said, "Hence forth you be known as Homer Wells", he seemed to be the type of person to say, "What you see, is what you get". Now I believe this cause from early childhood, to adolescence, to early adulthood there was never anything to flashy about him. He was dressed in plain old school baby pajamas with legs and feet on them. When he was growing up he was wearing plains shirts, and a pair of slacks. This form of appearance remained constant through the rest of the movie in reality. The main colors that Homer wore were grays, blacks, and browns. Showin...

san jose :: essays research papers

sometimes in each persons life there is a turning point, a point in time when a revelation is reaveled to you. If you cannot see this revelation sometimes your vision may be clouded over by a voice that may or may not be your own. In the novel, many people are telling san jose to stop listening tom his own voice and folow them. But he knows that is wrong. At Polemarchus' house, Socrates discusses old age with Cephalus, Polemarchus' aging father. Cephalus says that old age is really not as bad as people say it is; if you're a moderate and contented person, your virtue makes old age pleasant. Socrates notes that some would say that it is Cephalus' wealth that makes old age bearable for him. Cephalus says that this is not true, wealth can help someone be virtuous, but it isn't the deciding factor. Cephalus defines just behavior as paying one's debts and speaking truthfully, and notes that wealth does help in these things. Socrates questions Cephalus' definition of just behavior, but before they can discuss it Cephalus leaves, leaving his argument to Polemarchus. Polemarchus defends his father's definition, saying that justice is giving each what is owed to him--treating friends well, and enemies badly. Socrates finds numerous problems with this definition. First is that, since people are sometimes mistaken about who their friends are, it appears to endorse treating bad people well and vice versa. Second is that, since injustice breeds injustice, it says that it is the job of the just person to create injustice. Just as Polemarchus agrees that his initial definition is incorrect, Thrasymachus, another guest at the house, roars into the conversation; he announces, with some pomp, that "justice is nothing other than the advantage of the stronger." In all cities, the rulers enact laws that are in their own best interests, and these laws are declared just, and so clearly justice is always at the service of the powerful.

Christian Dating & Marriage Customs Essay

For Christians, searching for a lifetime partner is not an easy task, but if it is done properly and patiently, it can be very rewarding. Partners are sought after, of course, within the limited pool of Christianity. Often potential dates arise from acquaintances within the same church that men and women regularly visit. They may becomes friends later as a result of being actively involved in church activities, whether as volunteers during Sunday services, such as in the choir or Sunday school, or as outreach volunteers working to help the community. However, stronger ties bind two people together when they spend more time in situations that are challenging. Thus, for Christians, dating in a movie theatre is not recommended. Instead, spending time together serving the homeless in a shelter, for example, will be more productive in getting to know each other and building rapport. Once a couple is ready to get married, they will celebrate their union with spiritual rituals and customs during the wedding day. The seating of parents and grandparents as honored guests come first during the ceremony. Then it is followed by the Bridal Processional where the Minister, Groom, Bridesmaids, Groomsmen, Maid of Honor, Best Man, Flower Girl and Ring Bearer slowly enter. The Bride, together with her father, then marches in. Next, the minister leads the Call to Worship and Opening Prayer. The parents then give the Bride away and a Worship Song follows while the wedding couple moves to the stage and the Ring Bearer and Flower Girl sit together with their parents. The couple then proclaims their promises through the Charge, the Pledge and Wedding Vows. The rings are then exchanged and the Lighting of the Unity Candle comes next. Finally, through the Pronouncement, the couple is officially wed. They kiss and are presented by the Minister. Communion and a Closing Prayer may also be included before the Recessional, where the participants exit the stage, Groom and Bride first, followed by the Best Man and Maid of Honor, the Groomsmen and Bridesmaids, and the Ring Bearer and Flower Girl (Fairchild 2010). References Fairchild, Mary. (2010). â€Å"Christian Wedding Ceremony – A Complete Outline. † About. com.

Realism and Ibsen’s a Doll’s House Essay

Ibsen: Keeping it Real Since 1879 Realism is a style of writing in which the author strays away from romance and fantasy and leans toward the everyday life of real people and the negative aspects of their lives. The Norwegian author Henrik Ibsen captures the true essence of realism in his famously controversial play A Doll’s House. Nora is an idealistic wife who bows down to her husband’s commands and fulfills his every wish. When Torvald, her husband, fell sick she did everything she could to save his life, going as far as forging her dead father’s signature to receive money to pay for their trip to Italy for better heath care. The story takes place during Christmas time, where Nora is now forced to come to terms with the crime she has committed once Krogstad, the man at the bank who gave Nora the money she needed, reveals to her his plan to tell Torvald about her forgery. A Doll’s House is a perfect example of realism, containing many of the key elements of this genre. Ibsen highlights the forced role of women, the deceptive appearances people use to hide their troubles behind, and uses a realist form and style of writing. Understanding the realism genre of literature allows the reader to enjoy a style of writing in which they can relate to and find comfort in, knowing that someone, somewhere, sometime experienced exactly what they themselves are going through Like many women of her time, Nora has to forget about her own wants and ideas and put on the role a women must play to please the people around her. Torvald constantly is putting Nora in her place. When Torvald comes home one afternoon he finds Nora sitting surrounded with bags from her trip to town. He reprimands her about her spending habits before comforting her, saying, â€Å"Now, now, my little song-bird mustn’t be so crestfallen. Well? Is the squirrel sulking? † (Ibsen 149). Torvald is trying to console his wife while also belittling her by using endearing terms. In reality, his words make Nora feel controlled and repressed. Ibsen wants his audience to see that by demeaning Nora, Torvald is trying to get her to mold to the role of a submissive wife who will listen to her husband as if her were her father. Torvald wants Nora to know that he is the one â€Å"on top† in the relationship; he is the bread winner, the man, and the more powerful person. He is always trying to suppress Nora and keep her dominance over him at bay. Not only must women be submissive to their husbands but they were expects to be obedient to him as well. Torvald is always telling this wife not to eat her favorite treat, macaroons, because her teeth with rot and fall out. When Nora buys the dessert in town, she hides them from Torvald. She lies to him when he asks if the thought crossed her mind that day to stop and get a treat. Nora tells her husband, â€Å"No, Torvald really; I promise you†¦ I wouldn’t do anything that you don’t like† (Ibsen 151). Nora is afraid of contradicting Torvald’s word and promises to him she would never do anything to go against him. Instead of being her husband’s equal Nora feels as if she were a child. Ibsen depicts Nora’s marriage as a relationship between a father and his child instead of a husband and his wife and mother of his young children. Torvald treats Nora like a little girl who cannot make her own decisions. She is forced to play this role of a child her whole life; fist under her own father’s roof and now under Torvald’s. The forced roles of women were enforced in society, as well as the idea of keeping one’s flaws concealed from the outside world. Deceptive appearances hide the troubles and pain Nora and Torvald both go through during the play. Mrs. Linde, Nora’s longtime friend, comes over to the Helmer household. Nora and her are chatting about New Year’s plans when Nora says, â€Å"Look, the people upstairs, the Stenborgs, are having a fancy-dress party tomorrow night, and Torvald wants me to go as a Neopolitan fisher-girl and dance the tarantella that I learnt in Capri† (Ibsen 183). Nora tells Mrs. Linde that her and Torvald plan on attending a masquerade party in which she will be dressing up to perform the tarantella as her husband had told her to. Ibsen is telling the reader that people hide behind clothes and masks to hide the hurt and pain going on in their own life, so as to please society and their own friends. Nora is suffering from an internal crisis et she is forced to dress up and go to the party so that her friends do not suspect anything is wrong with her. Torvald being the â€Å"doll player† that he is, controls Nora and basically forces her to put up a front for the world to see. He never sees Nora’s misery the week leading up to the revelation of Nora’s crime because she has been taught to hide the pain so well. Along with hiding from society, one must fulfill all its demanding expectation. When Torvald reads the letter from Krogstad revealing Nora’s forgery, he is enraged. He screams at Nora and tells her she can have no influence over the children and he loves her no longer. Then he remembers what others will think about this situation and says, â€Å"Somehow or other I must try to appease him- the thing must be hushed up at all costs. As for ourselves- we must seem to go on just as before†¦ but only in the eyes of the world of course† (Ibsen 221). Torvald is only concerned about keeping Krogstad quiet and the outside world remaining in the dark about his troubled marriage. He tells Nora they must continue on with life outside as it was before but once inside the house, it all does not matter; he could not care less. Ibsen communicates that along with wearing deceptive appearances, those who want to be accepted, like Torvald, must bow down to society’s expectations. These expectations include maintaining a perfect marriage, raising the children properly, and not allowing your wife to overpower you. Torvald’s only concern is to keep the peace, for the sake of his own last name. He does not care about Nora any longer. He only cares about keeping himself and his reputation safe. Along with outlining some of the key elements of the real world and the society one lives in, Ibsen uses a realistic style of writing. Staying true to realism literature, Ibsen uses a realistic form and style while writing A Doll’s House. One the first page of the play, one can find a detailed description of the set including, â€Å"A comfortable room, furnished inexpensively, but with taste. In the back wall there are two doors; that to the right leads out to a hall, the other, to the left, leads to Helmer’s study. Between them stands a piano† (Ibsen147). A long list of props preludes all of the acts of the play. Ibsen uses this detailed list of props to bring a sense of reality to his play. He allows the audience to feel as if they truly are sitting in the Helmers’ living room watching Nora fall prey to her husband. It allows one to sink completely in the story and become a part of it all. One of Ibsen’s viewers could easily identify with the characters seeing that they lived in the same middle class home and neighborhood as they themselves do. Ibsen also was able to identify with his audience by using a simplistic writing style. When talking to Nora about her children, the children’s nanny says, â€Å"The poor little mites are playing with their presents, but-† (Ibsen 181). The nurse speaks in a common, simple language. Unlike previous writing styles, realism uses everyday common language and interrupted thoughts, run on sentences, and expressions. Ibsen used this style of writing, again, to identify with the audience he was presenting to. His works were seen my middle class citizens, who were used to working hard long hours in filthy conditions. These people were not spending their days eating cakes and playing chess. They spoke in a ruffle-free, basic language, which is exactly the language Ibsen adopted for his realist play. Ibsen exposed the his audience to a new view of the very lives they were living by using this form of writing. Although Ibsen was not showing his audience anything new, he presented them their most inner secrets they kept hidden and shoved them in their own faces. Ibsen highlighted the role women were taught to play, the deceptive appearances the people wore daily, and expressed these ideas using the people’s realistic style of speech. Ibsen was a writer for the people of the 1800s, but his works are treasured and applicable even in today’s world. ALL QUOTES DIRECTLY FROM A DOLL'S HOUSE

Professional Development Plan Essay

In order to develop a plan that will address the characteristics of my group and me as a leader; a thorough review of the completed DISC assessments much be completed on an individual basis and an overall plan can be derived thereafter. The individual analyses are as follows: Individual Assessments Jeremy Conner, Jessica Mills, and Brian Tuck are all predominately categorized as cautious in style. Their tendencies include: being tense with themselves and others when under pressure, having a natural curiosity about people, being concerned about what people think, feel, and expect, having strong attachments to their personal interests, underestimating the time required to complete tasks, being intuitive and observant about situations and people, associating their self-worth with their work, and being intrigued by concepts, ideas and processes. They are known as the assessors and tend to have strong opinions about people and groups with whom you do not identify or agree. Robert Mills was predominately categorized as interactive in style. This style’s strengths include: enthusiasm, charm, persuasiveness, and warmth. The cautious style is gifted in people skills and communication skills with individuals as well as groups. They are great influencer’s. They are idea-people and dreamers who excel at getting others excited about their vision. They are optimist with an abundance of charisma. All of these qualities help them influence people and build alliances to accomplish their goals. I was predominately categorized as a dominance style. My primary motivation is accomplishing bigger and better goals according to an internal timetable. I prefer to be involved in my chosen activities from start to finish, and I  resist people who are obstacles to my achievements. My tendencies include: disliking being told what to do, or when and how to do something, being reluctant to change what I think or how I feel, delegating tasks only if absolutely necessary, acting competitively, especially when pushing myself to new levels or in new directions, making sure that production is completed on schedule, depending on plans for action and follow-up routines, and becoming tenacious and focused when under pressure. Team Development Plan Based on the analysis of the DISC assessments, I would put myself in a leadership role on the team with Robert as my supervisor, and Jeremy, Jessica, and Brian as subordinates. My style is more fit to a leadership role due to my desire to accomplish bigger and better goals. This desire allows me to look bigger picture which must be done from an upper management perspective in order to keep the company ahead of the curve in all aspects of business to avoid pitfalls. Robert’s natural charisma and persuasiveness would make him great at motivating the rest of the team. This does not mean that Jeremy, Jessica, and Bryan aren’t just as important to the team success. All workers from top to bottom are needed for a business to be successful. I strongly believe in the phrase â€Å"you are only as good as your weakest member†. For this reason, I would make sure that they were given a chance to air their grievances and make suggestions on changes that should be made. I must make sure to allow every team member to have a say in the business processes because this is a weak point of my particular style. Flexibility on my part must be a focal point to ensure that all team members feel heard and feel like they hold value in the company. Conclusion All of the information in the above plan will be closely monitored and periodic meetings will take place to allow time for all employees to voice their grievances or concerns to ensure that full compliance is being achieved. It is very important that regular monitoring is performed to ensure that the company stays on track and will help ensure the long-term success of the company. Realizing each individual’s style as well as their strengths and weaknesses will allow a more personal and individualized  approach to be taken in regards to team dynamics and goal attainment. References University of Phoenix. (2014). DISC Assessments [Multimedia]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, LDR531 website. DISC Test and DISC Assessment: Explained. (2013). Retrieved from https://www.discinsights.com/whatisdisc#.VBMXGGOEzSg